Sejarah komparatif adalah perbandingan berbagai masyarakat yang ada pada kurun waktu yang sama atau memiliki kondisi budaya yang serupa.

Sejarah komparatif masyarakat muncul sebagai spesialisasi penting di kalangan intelektual pada masa Pencerahan di abad ke-18, sebagaimana dilambangkan oleh Montesquieu, Voltaire, Adam Smith, dan lain-lain. Sosiolog dan ekonom pada abad ke-19 sering kali mengeksplorasi sejarah komparatif, sebagaimana dicontohkan oleh Alexis de Tocqueville, Karl Marx, dan Max Weber.^[1]

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