Ensiklopedia Dunia

Kraken (/ˈkræ.kən/; dari Norwegia: krakencode: no is deprecated , /ˈkrɑː.kən/, "the crookie")^[2]^[3] adalah seekor monster laut legenda berukuran raksasa, yang menurut etimologinya terkadang berkerabat dengan sepalopoda, yang dikatakan muncul di Laut Norwegia di lepas pantai Norwegia. Legenda Kraken diyakini bermula dari penglihatan gurita raksasa, yang dapat tumbuh sampai sepanjang 105 meter (344 ft).^[4]

Kraken, sebagai subyek takhayul pelaut dan mitos, mula-mula dideskripsikan dalam glosarium Norwegia oleh Christen Jensøn pada 1646. Kemudian, makhluk tersebut muncul dalam catatan perjalanan oleh Francesco Negri pada 1700, disusul pada 1734 oleh sebuah catatan dari misionaris dan penjelajah Dano-Norwegia Hans Egede, yang mendeskripsiksn kraken secara mendetil dan menyamakannya dengan hafgufa dari abad pertengahan. Namun, deskripsi pertama dari makhluk tersebut biasanya dikaitkan dengan uskup Denmark Pontoppidan (1753). Ia mendeskripsikan kraken sebagao gurita (polypus) berukuran raksasa, dan menulis bahwa makhluk tersebut memiliki kebiasaan menenggelamkan kapal. Malakologis Prancis Denys-Montfort, pada abad ke-19, juga dikenal karena mempelopori penyelidikannya terhadap keberadaan gurita raksasa.

Referensi

Kutipan

^ Denys-Montfort (1801), p. 256, Pl. XXVI.
^ "kraken". Oxford English Dictionary. Vol. V (Edisi 1). Oxford University Press. 1933. hlm. 754. Norw. kraken, krakjen, the -n, being the suffixed definite article = A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (1901), V: 754
^ Munford, George (1870). "Monstra Marina & terrestria, quam in partibus aquilonis inueniuntur". An Attempt to Ascertain the True Derivation of the Names of Towns and Villages and of Rivers, and Other Great Natural Features of the County of Norfolk. London: Simpkin, Marshall & Company. hlm. 35.
^ Paxton, C. G. M. (October 2016). "Unleashing the Kraken: on the maximum length in giant squid ( Architeuthis sp.)". Journal of Zoology. 300 (2): 82–88. doi:10.1111/jzo.12347.

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