Ensiklopedia Dunia

Butalbital
Data klinis
Nama lain	Asam 5-alil-5-isobutilbarbiturat
AHFS/Drugs.com	Micromedex Detailed Consumer Information
MedlinePlus	a601009
Rute; pemberian	Oral
Kelas obat	Barbiturate
Kode ATC	Tidak ada ;
Status hukum
Status hukum	CA: Schedule IV ; DE: Anlage II ; UK: Kelas B ; US: Schedule III ; UN: Psychotropic Schedule III ;
Data farmakokinetika
Bioavailabilitas	20-45%
Metabolisme	Liver (terutama CYP3A4
Waktu paruh eliminasi	35 jam
Ekskresi	Ginjal
Pengenal
	Nama IUPAC 5-(2-Metilpropil)-5-(2-propenil)-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-pirimidinetriona;
Nomor CAS	77-26-9 ;
PubChem CID	2481;
IUPHAR/BPS	7138;
DrugBank	DB00241 ;
ChemSpider	2387 ;
UNII	KHS0AZ4JVK;
KEGG	D03182 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:102524 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL454 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID6022711 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.926
Data sifat kimia dan fisik
Rumus	C11H16N2O3
Massa molar	224,26 g·mol−1
Model 3D (JSmol)	Gambar interaktif;
	SMILES O=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1(CC(C)C)C\C=C;
	InChI InChI=1S/C11H16N2O3/c1-4-5-11(6-7(2)3)8(14)12-10(16)13-9(11)15/h4,7H,1,5-6H2,2-3H3,(H2,12,13,14,15,16) ; Key:UZVHFVZFNXBMQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	(verify)

Butalbital adalah barbiturat dengan durasi kerja menengah. Butalbital sering dikombinasikan dengan obat lain, seperti parasetamol (asetaminofen) sebagai butalbital/parasetamol atau aspirin, untuk pengobatan nyeri termasuk sakit kepala. Berbagai formulasi yang dikombinasikan dengan kodein telah disetujui FDA untuk pengobatan sakit kepala tipe ketegangan. Butalbital memiliki rumus kimia yang sama dengan talbutal tetapi strukturnya berbeda, yaitu asam 5-alil-5-isobutilbarbiturat.^[3]

Kontraindikasi

Terdapat pengobatan spesifik yang sesuai untuk mengatasi migrain dan sakit kepala.^[4] Butalbital tidak direkomendasikan sebagai pengobatan lini pertama karena dapat mengganggu kewaspadaan, menimbulkan risiko ketergantungan dan kecanduan, serta meningkatkan risiko sakit kepala episodik menjadi kronis. Ketika pengobatan lain tidak tersedia atau tidak efektif, butalbital mungkin tepat jika pasien dapat dipantau untuk mencegah perkembangan sakit kepala kronis.^[5]

Referensi

^ "Butalbital and Acetaminophen - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses". drugs.com. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 2018-01-21.
^ Anvisa (2023-03-31). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (dalam bahasa Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (dipublikasikan 2023-04-04). Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 2023-08-03. Diakses tanggal 2023-08-16.
^ DE Patent 526854
^
American Academy of Neurology (February 2013), "Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question", Choosing Wisely: an initiative of the ABIM Foundation, American Academy of Neurology, diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal September 1, 2013, diakses tanggal August 1, 2013, which cites
- Silberstein SD (September 2000). "Practice parameter: evidence-based guidelines for migraine headache (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology". Neurology. 55 (6): 754–62. doi:10.1212/WNL.55.6.754. PMID 10993991.
- Evers S, Afra J, Frese A, Goadsby PJ, Linde M, May A, Sándor PS (September 2009). "EFNS guideline on the drug treatment of migraine--revised report of an EFNS task force". European Journal of Neurology. 16 (9): 968–81. doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02748.x. PMID 19708964. S2CID 9204782.
- Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement (2011), Headache, Diagnosis and Treatment of, Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement, diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2013-10-29, diakses tanggal 2013-10-24
^
American Headache Society (September 2013), "Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question", Choosing Wisely: an initiative of the ABIM Foundation, American Headache Society, diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 3 December 2013, diakses tanggal 10 December 2013, which cites
- Bigal ME, Lipton RB (April 2009). "Excessive opioid use and the development of chronic migraine". Pain. 142 (3): 179–82. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2009.01.013. PMID 19232469. S2CID 27949021.
- Bigal ME, Serrano D, Buse D, Scher A, Stewart WF, Lipton RB (September 2008). "Acute migraine medications and evolution from episodic to chronic migraine: a longitudinal population-based study". Headache. 48 (8): 1157–68. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4610.2008.01217.x. PMID 18808500. S2CID 17358333.
- Scher AI, Stewart WF, Ricci JA, Lipton RB (November 2003). "Factors associated with the onset and remission of chronic daily headache in a population-based study". Pain. 106 (1–2): 81–9. doi:10.1016/S0304-3959(03)00293-8. PMID 14581114. S2CID 29000302.
- Katsarava Z, Schneeweiss S, Kurth T, Kroener U, Fritsche G, Eikermann A, et al. (March 2004). "Incidence and predictors for chronicity of headache in patients with episodic migraine". Neurology. 62 (5): 788–90. doi:10.1212/01.WNL.0000113747.18760.D2. PMID 15007133. S2CID 20759425.

Pranala luar

Butalbital Diarsipkan 2008-10-14 di Wayback Machine., Online Medical Dictionary
Butalbital and Acetaminophen (Systemic) (archive), MedicinePlus Drug Information
Controlled Substances in Schedule III, (archive), U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration

Artikel bertopik farmakologi ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

[1] "Butalbital and Acetaminophen - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses". drugs.com. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 2018-01-21.

[2] Anvisa (2023-03-31). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (dalam bahasa Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (dipublikasikan 2023-04-04). Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 2023-08-03. Diakses tanggal 2023-08-16.

[3] DE Patent 526854

[AANfive-4] American Academy of Neurology (February 2013), "Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question", Choosing Wisely: an initiative of the ABIM Foundation, American Academy of Neurology, diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal September 1, 2013, diakses tanggal August 1, 2013, which cites
Silberstein SD (September 2000). "Practice parameter: evidence-based guidelines for migraine headache (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology". Neurology. 55 (6): 754–62. doi:10.1212/WNL.55.6.754. PMID 10993991.

Evers S, Afra J, Frese A, Goadsby PJ, Linde M, May A, Sándor PS (September 2009). "EFNS guideline on the drug treatment of migraine--revised report of an EFNS task force". European Journal of Neurology. 16 (9): 968–81. doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02748.x. PMID 19708964. S2CID 9204782.

Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement (2011), Headache, Diagnosis and Treatment of, Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement, diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2013-10-29, diakses tanggal 2013-10-24

[5] Silberstein SD (September 2000). "Practice parameter: evidence-based guidelines for migraine headache (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology". Neurology. 55 (6): 754–62. doi:10.1212/WNL.55.6.754. PMID 10993991.

[6] Evers S, Afra J, Frese A, Goadsby PJ, Linde M, May A, Sándor PS (September 2009). "EFNS guideline on the drug treatment of migraine--revised report of an EFNS task force". European Journal of Neurology. 16 (9): 968–81. doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02748.x. PMID 19708964. S2CID 9204782.

[7] Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement (2011), Headache, Diagnosis and Treatment of, Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement, diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2013-10-29, diakses tanggal 2013-10-24

[AHSfive-5] American Headache Society (September 2013), "Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question", Choosing Wisely: an initiative of the ABIM Foundation, American Headache Society, diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 3 December 2013, diakses tanggal 10 December 2013, which cites
Bigal ME, Lipton RB (April 2009). "Excessive opioid use and the development of chronic migraine". Pain. 142 (3): 179–82. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2009.01.013. PMID 19232469. S2CID 27949021.

Bigal ME, Serrano D, Buse D, Scher A, Stewart WF, Lipton RB (September 2008). "Acute migraine medications and evolution from episodic to chronic migraine: a longitudinal population-based study". Headache. 48 (8): 1157–68. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4610.2008.01217.x. PMID 18808500. S2CID 17358333.

Scher AI, Stewart WF, Ricci JA, Lipton RB (November 2003). "Factors associated with the onset and remission of chronic daily headache in a population-based study". Pain. 106 (1–2): 81–9. doi:10.1016/S0304-3959(03)00293-8. PMID 14581114. S2CID 29000302.

Katsarava Z, Schneeweiss S, Kurth T, Kroener U, Fritsche G, Eikermann A, et al. (March 2004). "Incidence and predictors for chronicity of headache in patients with episodic migraine". Neurology. 62 (5): 788–90. doi:10.1212/01.WNL.0000113747.18760.D2. PMID 15007133. S2CID 20759425.

[9] Bigal ME, Lipton RB (April 2009). "Excessive opioid use and the development of chronic migraine". Pain. 142 (3): 179–82. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2009.01.013. PMID 19232469. S2CID 27949021.

[10] Bigal ME, Serrano D, Buse D, Scher A, Stewart WF, Lipton RB (September 2008). "Acute migraine medications and evolution from episodic to chronic migraine: a longitudinal population-based study". Headache. 48 (8): 1157–68. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4610.2008.01217.x. PMID 18808500. S2CID 17358333.

[11] Scher AI, Stewart WF, Ricci JA, Lipton RB (November 2003). "Factors associated with the onset and remission of chronic daily headache in a population-based study". Pain. 106 (1–2): 81–9. doi:10.1016/S0304-3959(03)00293-8. PMID 14581114. S2CID 29000302.

[12] Katsarava Z, Schneeweiss S, Kurth T, Kroener U, Fritsche G, Eikermann A, et al. (March 2004). "Incidence and predictors for chronicity of headache in patients with episodic migraine". Neurology. 62 (5): 788–90. doi:10.1212/01.WNL.0000113747.18760.D2. PMID 15007133. S2CID 20759425.

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Ensiklopedia Dunia

Butalbital

Kontraindikasi

Referensi

Pranala luar

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